The Controversy of Head Start Essay Example

The Controversy of Head Start Essay Ever since the creation and implementation of the Head Start program in 1965, there has always been controversy over the programs effectiveness. Much of the controversy stems over the self-reporting of evidence that the National Head Start Association provides, both to the government and to the public, along with the actual impact Head Start has on the children that participate in this controversial program. One thing is certain about the Head Start program and that is that there will always be a clear division between its supporters and opponents. The main goal of the Head Start program is to provide poor underprivileged pre-school aged children essentially with a head start in education. Supporters of Head Start believe that by providing these services these poor underprivileged children would better adapt to the school system and later become successful as adults. Head Start is not just about providing educational services; the program also focuses on providing both mental and physical health check-ups and nutritious meals to the enrolled students. Head Start cannot be described merely as a pre-school program. Head Start actually plays the role of a comprehensive support group for poor underprivileged children and their families. This federally funded program feels the noose tightening because of plans to let individual states opt in with their own state-run head start-like programs. Supporters of Head Start believe that by allowing this a majority of funding that the federal government provides will be diverted from Head Start to build up new state-run programs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Controversy of Head Start specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Controversy of Head Start specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Controversy of Head Start specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Proponents of Head Start view this as a threat to the health of Head Start programs around the nation. These individuals believe that by diverting funds from a proven program to unproven programs will leave, many if not all, eligible children in the lurch. The Head Start controversy is similar in many ways to the Social Security dilemma. Do we take what we have right now and provide it to everyone without worrying about the future or do we invest in a proven program for the betterment of the future? This is only one of many questions that lawmakers must carefully weigh before committing to a course of action that could shut the Head Start program down for good. Every program, either federal or state, has its opponents and the Head Start program is no exception. Opponents of Head Start believe that the information and data provided regarding Head Start is skewed and biased. The claim that Head Start programs benefit children right now and will later benefit as adults is unsubstantiated. Still others believe that Head Start is a bleeding ulcer with no chance of recovery and rather than blood is losing billions of dollars every year. Rather than leaving the running of Head Start in the hands of individual program administrators, state legislators want more control through the form of state-direct funding. This causes a problem for Head Start because previous data concerning grants for various other programs show that abandonment by the federal government of direct involvement of a program leads to the eventual erosion of funding. This can be caused by state legislators cutting or diverting funding to other programs or even the total closure of a program in order to balance state budgets. No matter what the outcome is over the controversy of Head Start, there will be one clear loser and that is the children that would have benefited from the wide range of services provided by Head Start. Conversely, state budgetary concerns should also be taken into consideration because of the potential impact tax increases and budget cutbacks would have on residents of individual states. All in all it would not be wise to quickly bring about the demise of a proven early childhood program by transforming it from head start to dead end.

School Visits A Librarians Perspective

School Visits A Librarians Perspective My high school usually welcomes two authors every year. They come at the request of the language departments. Everything is planned between the teachers and the authors, and I have nothing to do except making sure the library is available on the scheduled dates – at least in theory. Surprises always pop up minutes before the presentation is due to start. One author might suddenly request a white board and markers, another a projector, sometimes all three. Ive learned to be ready for anything, but what if I – superior librarian that I am – had not been there to save the day? In all instances, these near setbacks could easily have been avoided with simple communication. Heres a little insider tip: Schools are not the most proficient at passing along information. First, find out where your presentation will take place – library, classroom, auditorium, gym? If your presentation will be held in the library, ask for the name of the librarian. Then tell her what youll need ahead of time: white board, screen and projector, audio, etc. Do you want the chairs set up in a semicircle facing you? If its a hands-on workshop, will the participants need tables to work on? Dont skip this step even if the teacher or whichever staff member youve been communicating with knows all the details. Although the information might reach the librarian, it could do so at too short notice to do much good. Heres another insider tip: Schools can take an amazingly long time to get stuff done. This is due in large part because most things need the approval of several people or committees before they can get under way. And as all these dedicated people have a lot on their plate, the process is slowed even more. So make sure you start the ball rolling way ahead of your scheduled visit. If your presentation is to take place in another part of the school, ask whether the school has a library and who is responsible for purchasing books. Get in touch and say hello. Why? Simply because the library staff may not be aware of your coming at all! If your presentation catches the students interest, theyll likely ask the librarian to order your books. Make it easy for her. Send her a list of your published titles along with the age group and reading level of each. None of the presenters have done this for me yet, which is a huge oversight. Librarians are busy people. Dont assume they have nothing better to do than look you up, or that theyll remember to do so once the dust has settled and youre long gone. At my school, I oversee every aspect of the library including selecting and buying the books that end up on the shelves. Like most school libraries, my budget is modest so be aware that Im the one you need to impress if your books are to make it on my limited to-buy list. Finally, to generate extra publicity and sales, give the librarian lots of bookmarks. Kids love them and my supplies always need replenishing. Its a great way to reach out to readers, no matter what they happen to be reading as well as making a lasting impression both on the students and librarian!

Wilderness programs for juveniles Research Paper

Wilderness programs for juveniles - Research Paper Example The programs are designed with an approach in the wilderness therapy. The programs defined do not appear to force change but instead allow the environment to persuade the client reactions through natural outcomes. As per the programs if it is observed that the client is not ready to be a part of the entire program the staffs stake a backseat and focus on other factors and let them continue to work such as time away from closed once and family, physical work out etc and continue doing so until the client is completely ready to initiate the programs itself. Wilderness identity concern and group protection are made possible by natural outcomes that helps to educate on personal and social liability, which in turn creates an unbiased and protected environment to relate to the real or metamorphic lessons of the life. The programs provide treatment for the troubled adolescents or drug addicts. It is basically an endeavor which is meant for providing self confidence and mental help to the tr oubled teens by creating a light of new hope for them (Russell, 2001, pp. 70-73). Objectives, Process & Staff’s Training and Development: The wilderness programs for juveniles are being progressively more used for those adolescents who in serious trouble owing to use drugs, alcohol or victimized due to intense parental conflict etc. The preliminary objective of the program is to make the victim get rid of the chemical dependencies by removing them from the disparaging environment that perpetuated their dependence. It emphasize on eradicating the juveniles from the trap of their former surroundings including numerous diversion of adolescent culture. Moreover the programs are conducted to build up a positive outlook within the juveniles towards life. They help them to learn and recognize and take up social and personal responsibilities. These programs are facilitated by virtue of natural outcomes. Their goal is to assist juveniles to take a broad view over the metaphors of pers onal care and natural outcomes of real life which often are a difficult task for the wildness program juveniles. The juveniles are directed to get a grasp on their anger, addiction, sorrow and every kind on emotions related to their social personal life through the program. In connection to the objective of the program Hendee & Russell has said, â€Å"If the goal for a client was to communicate better with parents, the therapist helps them develop strategies to accomplish this goal† (Hendee & Russell, 1999). The programs follow definite process through which it develops the personality of the juveniles in the right direction. The programs process the juveniles through outdoor adventure quests and other activities such as archaic abilities and reflection in order to develop personal and impersonal augmentation. Involvement in this outside quests used to occur in presence of the skilled leaders who used to keep a note that these activities, as processed, generate differences in the targeted behavior. After these the victims were taken for a session of psychotherapy in vigilance of qualified professionals. The entire process of the program was segregated into three phases where it was a mandate for all the juveniles to go through the three to compete the entire program. Going through all the three processes helped the victim to evolve a as reframed personality (Russell, 2001, pp.74-75). The programs choose their staffs very carefully. Having professional qualification is a must criterion to be a part of the program. Handling the victims with care is essential parameter while recruiting. Specials preferences are given to professionals who are husband and wife by relation to be a part of the program (Greenwood, 1986, pp. 217). As per Lawrence & Hesse,

Marketing Strategy-Product, Place, Price and Promotion Case Study

Marketing Strategy-Product, Place, Price and Promotion - Case Study Example Where appropriate, research material will be cited to clarify the discussion. With this in mind, let's begin our discussion of business marketing. In order to make this research relevant to a wide range of consumers, and to inject a bit of fun into the discussion, we will take a look at McDonald's, the fast food chain that people have grown up with for decades. In fact, the reason that people have grown up with McDonald's for decades is because of skillful marketing. Through precise blending of product, place, price and promotion, we have viewed McDonald's as a restaurant that has always been there, and can be found anywhere with consistent quality, price and selection. With these statements in mind, the first area we will consider within the scope of McDonald's is product. When Ray Kroc developed the ideas in the 1950s that eventually led to the birth of the McDonald's restaurant chain, one of the cornerstones of his fast food process was the ability to rapidly serve food to large numbers of people efficiently (Manila Bulletin, 2005). This was accomplished in large part by offering a very limited menu and turning out those products faster and better than anyone had up to that time. Within a narrow product line, the eventual McDonald's restaurants attracted a huge following of loyal customers, who knew that there would always be a certain product available at the restaurant and that it would be just as delicious on the tenth visit as it was on the first visit. Although over the years, McDonald's has introduced additional products, they still keep the products within the line somewhat closely related to each other. This allows for the formation of a uniform marketing strategy that stresses quality food, served in a fast, clean and courteous manner. The tactic incorporates all of the positive things that people want in dining, without a hefty price tag. The limitation of McDonald's product line is a stroke of genius. Place, in Relation to Marketing Marketing experts know that the best product in the world will never make an impact in the business world if no one can locate and obtain it (Delaney, 1994). Keeping this simple, yet vital brick in the house of marketing, McDonald's gives careful consideration to the placement of its restaurants. Within their marketing research, they take into consideration the population of a given area, major roadways in the vicinity of the proposed restaurant site, traffic that passes by the restaurant site, and the demographics of the area, as they know a great deal about their customers (more about this in the "People" section of this paper). The construction of a McDonald's restaurant costs millions of dollars, and in order for the operation to be profitable, placement must be in an area that maximizes the customer exposure, therefore increasing the chance of generating business. As mentioned previously, however, please keep in mind that McDonald's leaves nothing to chance. They do their marke ting homework, and it shows. The fact that McDonald's always seems to be "right around the corner" is due to a great deal of extensive marketing research, planning and execution. If you really give this idea a great deal of thought, take into conside

Hiromi Goto and Natalka Husar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hiromi Goto and Natalka Husar - Essay Example Keiko, the mother, has rejected Japanese food (language and other cultural connections) in an attempt to assimilate her family after the trauma of the wartime internment. And the stories she tells are either about Japanese myths or about her own experiences. And they strengthen this connection; they make a sense of home inside of her no matter where she is. By trying to hold onto her past she attempts to overcome the loneliness she experiences bound to the chair in a foreign country. And finally, in Hiromi Goto's works, restaurants, grocery stores, and supermarkets also help to clarify issues of ethnic identity in the city or country landscape. In Chorus of Mushrooms, two scenes, one in a supermarket and one in a Japanese grocery store, help Murasaki to explore what it is to be Japanese-Canadian. In The Kappa Child, the protagonist is a collector of abandoned shopping carts; she meets the Kappa at a restaurant, and her eventual lover at a Korean market. The urban food locales thus become key moments in the exploration of female Japanese-Canadian identity that lies at the heart of the novel. These comments offer only a quick and partial glimpse into the ways in which community and urban/rural physical and cultural spaces are opened up for discussion by the use of food motifs in these literary works. Ethnic identity in these settings can be seen to be tied not only to what is eaten, but where it is eaten; that is, how the food locale connects to communal social and cultural spaces and the complex issues found there. On the other hand, Natalka Husar is someone very interesting. For Natalka Husar the engagement provokes ethnic anxiety (Fischer 1986), a prevailing condition of estrangement and conflict, as she struggles for recognitions and connections between the place of her parents' birth, as a memory of Ukraine that is not her own, and the place she now inhabits. Born in 1951 to parents who came to the United States in 1949 under the Displaced Persons' Act, Husar grew up in New Jersey before moving to Canada in 1973. In the series, Black Sea Blue (1992-1995), the effect of returning to Ukraine with her mother for the first time since 1969 leads to uneasy, discomforts places in relation to the designation "home." In Torn Heart (1994) a portrait of her mother juxtaposed with a Ukrainian aunt is unsettling for, except for outlines (the noses are the same), the yellow crooked teeth and crude make-up of her aunt speak of impossible differences between the land of riches (America) and the land of poverty (Ukraine). Husar reminds us that we never see our own faces, one of the most compelling signs of who we are as subjects except as they are reflected in a mirror, photograph or painting, or as they are metaphorically projected in the responses other people have to us and we to them. From the disparities of identification, communication and inheritance, a tension arises, in that the face that reflects her mother's features should be, but is not, a meaningful part of Husar's self-understanding. Sentimenta l deers peering out from the landscape behind are reminiscent of mediocre animal paintings (e.g. Karl Blechen's Forest Ravine with Red Deer, 1828), parodying the experience of the romantic hoping to reconnect with primordial ties. Referring specifically to the painting Pandora's Parcel to Ukraine (1993) Husar

Orphaned Children In Iran Young People Essay

Orphaned Children In Iran Young People Essay As in any society, in Iran, children are the most vulnerable members of society. It is the duty of a civil society to protect and nurture young life. Most societies do this through enforceable laws that are meant to set societal standards for the treatment of children, as well as provide enforcement measures when those societal standards are breached. These standards are usually conceived as rights. When a childs rights are abrogated, they are considered vulnerable to additional poor outcomes and social predations. (Hekmat, Community of supporting the orphaned children, 2007) Contrary to the common definition of the word orphan, Iranian orphans and street children are often not without living parents. The parents of many street children are drug addicts. Others are jobless immigrants or refugees, and still others give birth to numerous children simply to exploit them for work. (Reza Shajiee, Factors of Cognitive levels of career success among Orphaned Students in Mashhad, 2009) Definition of Orphan should be changed from not having parents or any guardian. We live in a world that children might be better off in the worst orphan housing than living at home. Parents working two shifts and even 3 shifts to survive are their children experiencing any care?! Talking about Iran not just those kids left without guardian and parents end up in the streets and being called orphans, but those who have proper parents they are asked to get out and leave school to help house expenses. (Reza Shajiee, Factors of Cognitive levels of career success among Orphaned Students in Mashhad, 2009) Just recently a mother interviewed from the city of Irak (very industrial and well being city close to Tehran). She said they both (father and her) were working and good job as highly technical work in factory but they had to send their 12 years boy to Tehran to work. Other report from the chief police authority in Tehran said that any kid not just girls but boys as well after they end up to streets after 48 hours become sexually abused. The mother knew all about the situation and sound very educated women and the father had very highly technical job in one of famous factory in Iran. As I said Orphan definition has changed from Charles Dickens time. We are facing completely with different situation and needs different solution. (Dr.Abdollah Shafi Abadi, Career Guiding and Counseling, 2009) The Situation of Orphaned Children in Iran and Their Career: Street children live in abandoned buildings, containers, automobiles, parks, or on the street itself. The children who sleep on cardboard on the sidewalks, in parks, or in vacant and dilapidated buildings are often considered luckier than those who remain at home with exploitative parents. (http://www.iranpa.org/Seminar_Articles_Title.aspx?SeminarID) Determining the numbers of street children and orphans in Iran is a virtual impossibility. Suffice it to say that they number in the thousands. In a 2005 report by the U.S. State Department, by the Iranian governments own admission, 60,000 street children were accounted for in Iran. Numerous child rights organizations suspect that the number is substantially higher, citing figures of 200,000 or more. Of this number, about 55 percent are the children of Afghan refugees. A majority of the remaining street children are the offspring of mixed-nationality families, single parents or gypsies. While statistics report between 25,000 and 30,000 children who are forced to live and work in the streets and sweatshops of the city, Tehran is not the only place where children suffer the indignities of homelessness. ( Abolghasem Akbari, Academic and Career Adjustment, 2007), (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Day#Iran), (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_children) Though a half a century has passed since Declaration of the Rights of the Child, the situation for the children of Iran has reached an unprecedented low. (Reza Nasseri, Farzaneh Taheri ,Theories of counseling and psychotherapy in Iran, 2008) Though Iran is sitting on the worlds second largest oil reserves, due to a fundamentally corrupt political and socio-economic system of government, it fails to provide the most essentials needs of children. Today, the term orphanage has negative connotations. Other alternative names are group home, childrens home, rehabilitation center and youth treatment center. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007) Serving Charity is an international interfaith non-profit organization based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its mission is to serve the poor through charity and selfless service. Mother Teresa of Calcutta is expressed to be the sole inspiration for the organization and all of its initiatives. Serving Charity was founded in 2003 by Abbas Jahangiri. He is also the current owner of the historical music venue el Mocambo and other companies. Serving Charity is entirely run by volunteers. It resides and is primarily supported by the revenue from the el Mocambo. The organization has charity projects in seven countries; Canada, India, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Germany, Iran, and Vietnam. (Dr.Shideh Abedi, Informed choice of job, 2008) In fact, in Iran there is not enough support for orphaned children. They dont have many facilities in their rooms. They may suffer from different diseases. Of course, it is the responsibility of the government to care about them; however, sometimes it becomes less serious than anything else. (http://www.behzisti.ir/news/Show.aspx?id=9226) Abol-Hassan Faqih, head of the State Welfare Organization, stating that the bill would be reviewed adoption, he said: 20 thousands of orphaned children are now living in the country and about five thousands children who are qualified for giving to families are applying for. Faqih added: Seven thousand families are in turn for taking the children but due to legal problems annually to 800 children are given to these families. Welfare Organization Leader stating that the best place to serve the needy in society, said: Considering employment and housing comrade under the cover of the priorities of this organization. (http://www.cnwn.net/dastavard.htm), (http://www.resalat-news.com/Fa/?code=32915) He added: If the land is supplied in the provinces and cities, there is no limit to the housing credit allocation comrade there. Welfare chief added: This year 12 thousand residential units with 500 billion rials for the disabled credit are made.He credits that the value of housing compared with last year is 10 times moreFaqih added: After this legislation in the past two years, 435 disabled with college education were employed in government departments countries. He expressed that in the first phase of justice; 963 thousand of stock Welfare families received justice, and said: In the second stage 400 to 500 thousand shares will receive justice. Leader pointed out that last years health insurance coverage was 100 percent comrade in the country, and said: This year complementary treatment for disabled insurance runs. Welfare chief declared: to prevent disability in the community, families with a disabled child are free to experiment for not witnessed the birth of another handicapped c hild. Community Leader announced of buying 160 babies hearing polls machines in the country, and said: Two years ago, only 16 machines in the country had eudiometry. Welfare chief added: 450 thousand disabled people in the country are waiting to receive services in turn in the organization. Scholar stating that a million and 50 thousand cases have been disabled in the country, he said: 600 thousand of them are covered by Social Welfare. (Reza Nasseri, Farzaneh Taheri ,Theories of counseling and psychotherapy in Iran, 2008) The Role of Government and Other Organizations in Giving Orphaned Children Job Opportunities: The government is trying to provide more opportunities for orphaned children to have jobs or work in different institutes. In fact, they start to have an experience of working in their home centre. Boys and girls are given choices according to their interests. Their field of teaching is not the same, and they are separate from each other. Boys can learn some careers such as Typesetting, carpenter, repairing vehicles, and so on. However, girls can work in another fields including:tailoring, cook, secretary, and so on. (Reza Shajiee, Factors of Cognitive levels of career success among Orphaned Students in Mashhad, 2009) In Iran, Childrens day is celebrated on October 8. In this celebration, children are allowed to display all the things that they have made themselves. By this way, they are encouraged to work harder and show their abilities to people. In this day, most of the people from different places come to visit orphaned children. Sometimes they spend more money for them to buy a souvenir from them. So this can be a way to earn money. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) Empowerment is not a program that happens in a moment and a specific time but is a process that happens during the time and continued to occur. Former Head of Office family issues says: to achieve empowerment we must move step by step to reach the desired result. (Reza Shajiee, Factors of Cognitive levels of career success among Orphaned Students in Mashhad, 2009) Hamid Reza Alvand emphasized that positive movements have done in the past years in enabling the children under the supervision of organization, he continues: In this regard, the Office Organization have emphasized on improving educational status of children, and was compiled in discussions based on the Quran and Islamic teachings, religious culture, and life skills education issues seriously. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) He refers to cooperative groups of children living in homes of children and adolescents and says: formation of cooperative groups and access to relatively stable employment of children, is the concerns and goals of organization offices in the provinces of the country and diligently follow the plan but the plan in this year is continued to implement by changing the look and format of the defined programs. ( Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) He also mentions this period, which children live under the supervision of organization, a Gold Period, because its a gold time that children can learn life skills for the continuing life. He emphasizes that it lasts very quickly, and children should spend their time on educational factories and some workshops. Alvand announced that learning one professional skill is one of the base programs of Empowerment Project under the supervision of childrens organizations, and says: This year, all children who are age 15 and older must have a form of professional skills and children who live at home and with Families also must be familiar with computer skill. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) He points out on other skills in childrens empowerment project, and says: All children residing in homes and centers for children and adolescents must exercise one of the basic disciplines (athletics, swimming and gymnastics) to learn. Alvand emphasizes that basic sports are very effective in developing the physical and mental health. He continues that by improving the level of physical and mental health can help children in entering to the community and cause empowerment of their social and individual interactions. It also can increase their self-confidence and safety against dangers or social damages. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) The third skill in empowerment of children in the organization is learning the second language. Alvand says: all the children here have to learn one of the international languages and it is going to be compulsory in the organization. The next thing is a powerful observation on childrens education. The aim is to increase their scientific and educational level of them and implement high academic qualifications. Of course all these skills can be gained through group working and the main goal of the organization is to make these children independent in the society. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) The former head of organization mentions that development in child care programs, decreasing the family centers, strengthening the Special Forces deployed in children and youth homes, consultations for adopting children and preparation of houses andwere the Programs in the current years agenda that will be the Office programs in the coming year too. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) Currently 477 centers have circadian activity in the country. Alvand says: Of these, 350 centers are non-governmental and 127 are governmental Centre to be run. When we look carefully at this case we will only result in a conclusion that working in this place is by love and social welfare service to the community, especially orphaned children is the main target. In fact it shows the responsibilities and concerns of managers and employees in the organization. (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,107108,00.html), (Abolghasem Akbari, Academic and Career Adjustment, 2007) Children Welfare Organization is responsible for the later stages of children for material and spiritual support. For this purpose these are the supports from the organization: 1- Pay for professional training 2 Payment of capital and employment of children working 3 Payment of medical expenses 4 Providing living essentials 5 Providing housing allowance 6 Providing facilities for married girls 7 Support other unforeseen

Mercedes :: essays research papers

The 1996 Mercedes E320 sustained crash damage to the passenger side front. After we set up and measured the vehicle on the caro-liner frame rack, we found there to be extensive panel, sub frame, and suspension damage. Including consequential interior damage, IE; Driver/passenger airbags deployed, dash panel assembly, and passenger airbags deployed, dash panel assembly, and passenger side mirror. After a complete damage assessment report, we then began disassembly of all damaged panels and assemblies. After the disassembly we decided which parts would be salvaged off of our 1997 Mercedes E320, which parts would be purchased new or those which would need to be straightened and refinished. Once the damaged panels were removed we were able to attach the 10-ton hydraulic ram assembly to the frame rack and began the frame straightening repairs. Our initial pulls were to fix the sway problem of the passenger side front sub frame. This was accomplished by wrapping a chain around the misaligned sub frame, pulling in a straight, level manner opposite the direction of the misalignment. We did several pulls in this manner, stress relieving, before and during, with a ball peen hammer before repositioning for the next pull until brought back into specification. We then positioned our 10-ton ram to the passenger front for repair of the frame rail mash and sag situation sustained on impact. We wrapped the chain around crash impact bar and used it as the hook up point for our pulls. Pulling and stress receiving until it also was within specifications. Our final pull was to the suspension passenger side A-arm. We simply attached our chains to the A-arm and pulled it back into positio n. At this point, we could now begin sectioning and panel removal. This was first done by deciding which panels were to be removed and which were to be repaired. Then all of the spot welds that needed to be removed were marked with a paint marker, so as to only to remove the necessary welds. Some spot welds were located underneath seam sealer and or insulation. We then removed the material with a hand torch to burn the seam sealer, then a steel bristled brush to scratch off the burnt material. We then center drilled all of the marked spot welds with an 1/8† drill bit, followed up by a 5/16† spot weld removal bit to drill out the spot welds along all of the panels to be removed.